John Snow and the 1854 Cholera Outbreak

John Snow and the 1854 Cholera Outbreak

In August 1854, Soho in London was struck with a severe cholera outbreak. Cholera is a gastrointestinal infection caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It is still prevalent in areas with inadequate sanitation and poor food and water hygiene and remains a...
Wound Healing

Wound Healing

Wound healing, as a normal biological process in the human body, is achieved through four precisely and highly programmed events: haemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodelling. For a wound to heal successfully, all four phases must occur in the proper...
Haemophilia

Haemophilia

Haemophilia is a group of hereditary genetic disorders that result in impaired coagulation. There are two main types of haemophilia: Haemophilia A Haemophilia B Haemophilia A Haemophilia A is a bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency of clotting factor VIII. It is...
Acute Limb Ischaemia

Acute Limb Ischaemia

Acute limb ischaemia is defined as a sudden decrease in limb perfusion that threatens the viability of the limb. It is most commonly caused by acute thrombotic occlusion of a previously partially occluded, thrombosed arterial segment or secondary to an embolus from a...
Germ Warfare and the Siege of Fort Pitt

Germ Warfare and the Siege of Fort Pitt

Germ warfare is defined as “the use of biological toxins or infectious agents with the intent to kill or incapacitate as an act of war.” These biological agents are quite literally used as deadly living weapons. Germ warfare is by no means a modern...