The Apgar score is a simple method of assessing a neonate’s well-being at birth. There are five criteria, each of which is allocated a score between zero and two. The assessment is generally performed at one and five minutes after delivery, and may be repeated later...
Bacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms. They are among the earliest known life forms on earth. There are thousands of different kinds of bacteria, and they live in every conceivable environment worldwide. Only a few kinds of bacteria cause disease, and...
In August 1854, Soho in London was struck with a severe cholera outbreak. Cholera is a gastrointestinal infection caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It is still prevalent in areas with inadequate sanitation and poor food and water hygiene and remains a...
Wound healing, as a normal biological process in the human body, is achieved through four precisely and highly programmed events: haemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodelling. For a wound to heal successfully, all four phases must occur in the proper...
The heart produces a symphony of sounds that can provide valuable insights into a patient’s cardiovascular health. This article will delve into the fundamental principles of heart sounds, their physiological basis, and their clinical significance, equipping...
Haemophilia is a group of hereditary genetic disorders that result in impaired coagulation. There are two main types of haemophilia: Haemophilia A Haemophilia B Haemophilia A Haemophilia A is a bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency of clotting factor VIII. It is...
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